Epidemiology and Public Health

Public health is concerned with protecting the health of entire populations. These populations can be as small as a local neighbourhood, or as big as an entire country or region of the world. Public Health is a part of sciences, skills and convictions that is focused on the preservation. In descriptive epidemiology, scientists do use of available data to identify health related problems.

• Epidemiology and Community Health
• Epidemiology and Disability
• Epidemiology and Mental Health
• Epidemiology and Aging 
• Epidemiology Evidence based practices
• Epidemiology and Demography

Corona virus Disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered corona virus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate Respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment.  Older people and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol based rub frequently and not touching your face.

The Epidemiology of Cancer is the study of the factors affecting cancer, as a way to infer possible trends and causes. The study of cancer epidemiology uses epidemiological methods to find the cause of cancer and to identify and develop improved treatments. The most significant risk factor is age. Cancer Epidemiology closely mirrors risk factor spread in various countries. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (liver cancer) is rare in the West but is the main cancer in China and neighbouring countries, most likely due to the endemic presence of Hepatitis B and aflatoxin in that population.

The Epidemiology of Cancer is the study of the factors affecting cancer, as a way to infer possible trends and causes. The study of cancer epidemiology uses epidemiological methods to find the cause of cancer and to identify and develop improved treatments. The most significant risk factor is age. Cancer Epidemiology closely mirrors risk factor spread in various countries. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (liver cancer) is rare in the West but is the main cancer in China and neighbouring countries, most likely due to the endemic presence of Hepatitis B and aflatoxin in that population.

Study of the epidemiology of tuberculosis has been greatly assisted by the availability of a test for infection, the tuberculin test, that enables one to distinguish those who are infected but without disease from those who are uninfected. The principal risk for acquiring infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is breathing. Tuberculosis due to reactivation of latent bacilli is presumed to result from a failure in immune surveillance. 

·         Epidemiology and immune surveillance

·         Epidemiology and Tuberculosis risk factor

Study of the epidemiology of tuberculosis has been greatly assisted by the availability of a test for infection, the tuberculin test, that enables one to distinguish those who are infected but without disease from those who are uninfected. The principal risk for acquiring infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is breathing. Tuberculosis due to reactivation of latent bacilli is presumed to result from a failure in immune surveillance. 

·         Epidemiology and immune surveillance

·         Epidemiology and Tuberculosis risk factor

General Health Nursing is the down to earth approach of advancing and ensuring the soundness of populaces utilizing information from nursing, social, and general wellbeing sciences it additionally alludes to the quality of open prosperity. Open prosperity clinical guardians are a network of clinical overseers who are remembered for joining a network and who knows well practically clinical systems and treatment of prosperity. Open prosperity nursing is one of the disregarded fields of the wellbeing area. The medical caretakers must be set up to react straightforwardly to general wellbeing emergencies; from episodes of sickness to catastrophic events. It is imperative to give the information on emerging public medical problems, to help attendants to settle on the most educated treatment choices.

The Epidemiology and Infection Control Unit utilizes epidemiological systems to screen and control transferable illnesses. The study of disease transmission is the instrument to find the explanation behind the wellbeing ailments occurring in masses. The people group of corrupted people were investigated. It is portrayed as the deliberate consider of maladies and its control. It consolidates consider of scattering and affirmation of hazard parts identified with prosperity in a people and the convincing measure.

Nutritional epidemiology is a relatively new field of medical research that studies the relationship between nutrition and health. Diet and physical activity are difficult to measure accurately, which may partly explain why nutrition has received less attention than other risk factors for disease in epidemiology.

·         Epidemiology and Nutrition health

·         Epidemiology and Nutrition Diet

·         Epidemiology and physical activity

Molecular epidemiology is a branch of epidemiology and medical science that focuses on the contribution of potential genetic and environmental risk factors, identified at the molecular level, to the etiologic, distribution and prevention of disease within families and across populations. This field has emerged from the integration of molecular biology into traditional epidemiological research. .

·         Molecular surveillance

·         Disease risk factors

·         Characterizing the evolution of pathogens

·         Classifying new pathogen species

Obesity has been observed throughout human history. Many early depictions of the human form in art and sculpture appear obese. However, it was not until the 20th century that obesity became common so much so that, in 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) formally recognized obesity as a global epidemic.

• Prevalence of childhood obesity
• Health Examination Study
• Nutrition Examination Study

For the most part Tropical Diseases environs all illnesses that happen totally and transcendently in tropical districts. Regularly this term is taken to elude numerous irresistible infections like jungle fever, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, Chagas illness, African trypanosomiasis, dengue and so forth which flourish in hot and sticky conditions.

Genetic epidemiology is the study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and in populations, and the interplay of such genetic factors with environmental factors. Genetic epidemiology seeks to derive a statistical and quantitative analysis of how genetics work in large groups.

Cardiovascular epidemiology is the field which deals with heart related epidemiology. This field is the interdisciplinary field where the trainees in epidemiology were encouraged to lead roles related to cardiovascular diseases. The mortality rate is increasing around the world due to cardiovascular diseases. And field focuses on treatment, management of the cardiovascular health of the people.

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
• Multidisciplinary workforce in cardiovascular epidemiology
• Recognition of the social determinants of cardiovascular health and disease prevention of CVD
• Recognition of the essential role of community-based approaches to cardiovascular health

Injury Epidemiology is the characterization of injury occurrence, the identification of risk factors and the strength of effect of those factors, as well as potentially protective factors related to the development and evaluation of injury prevention strategies and programs. Injuries can occur in every environment from homes to the workplace, recreational settings including sports settings, and to transportation settings between these environments.

• Epidemiology and Injury Prevention
• Epidemiology and Injury Surveillance
• Epidemiology and Injury Risk Identification

Contamination Counterproductive action and control is required to keep the transmission of Infectious ailments in all social frameworks. These maladies are typically caused by Microscopic Organisms and can be spread by human to human contact, creature to human contact, human contact with a contaminated surface, Airborne Disease through little beads of uncontrollable operators suspended perceptible all around lastly, by such regular vehicles as water. Infection Control and Counteractive action requests a basic comprehension of the study of disease transmission of maladies, by a little chance factors that expand quiet defencelessness to contamination, and the methodology where medicines that may bring about diseases.